History of the Omagh Bombing in Northern Ireland

On August 15, 1998, the Real IRA committed the most lethal act of terrorism in Northern Ireland to date. A car bomb set off in the center of town in Omagh, Northern Ireland, killed 29 and wounded hundreds. Who: Real IRA (Real Irish Republican Army) Where: Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland When: August 15, 1998 The Story On August 15, 1998, members of the paramilitary Real Irish Republican Army parked a maroon car packed with 500 lbs of explosives outside a store on the main shopping street of Omagh, a town in Northern Ireland. According to later reports, they intended to blow up the local courthouse, but could not find parking close to it. RIRA Members then made three warning phone calls to a local charity and a local television station warning that a bomb would go off shortly. Their messages about the bombs location were ambiguous, though, and the police effort to clear the area ended up moving people nearer to the bombs vicinity. RIRA denied accusations that they had deliberately provided misleading information. RIRA took responsibility for the attack on August 15. People around the attack described it as akin to a war zone or killing field. Descriptions were collected from television and print statements by Wesley Johnston: I was in the kitchen, and heard a big bang. Everything fell on me - the cupboards blew off the wall. The next thing I got blasted out into the street. There was smashed glass everywhere - bodies, children. People were inside-out. –Jolene Jamison, worker in nearby shop, Nicholl Shiels There were limbs lying about that had been blown off people. Everyone was running round, trying to help people. There was a girl in a wheelchair screaming for help, who was in a bad way. There were people with cuts on their heads, bleeding. One young boy had half of his leg completely blown off. He didnt cry or anything. He was just in a complete state of shock. –Dorothy Boyle, witness Nothing could have prepared me for what I saw. People were lying on the floor with limbs missing and there was blood all over the place. People were crying for help and looking for something to kill the pain. Other people were crying out looking for relatives. You could not really be trained for what you had seen unless you were trained in Vietnam or somewhere like that. –Volunteer nurs on the scene at Tyrone County Hospital, Omaghs main hospital. The attack so horrified Ireland and the UK that it ended up pushing forward the peace process. Martin McGuiness, the leader of the IRAs political wing Sinn Fein, and party president Gerry Adams condemned the attack. UK Prime Minister Tony Blair said it was an appalling act of savagery and evil. New legislation was also immediately introduced in the UK and Ireland that made it easier to prosecute suspected terrorists. Fallout From the Bombing Investigations in the immediate aftermath of the bombing did not turn up individual suspects, although the Real IRA was an immediate suspect. The RUC arrested and questioned about 20 suspects in the first six months following the attack, but could not pin responsibility on any of them. [RUC stands for Royal Ulster Constabulary. In 2000, it was renamed the Police Service of Northern Ireland, or PSNI]. Colm Murphy was charged and found guilty of conspiring to cause harm in 2002, but the charge was overturned on appeal in 2005. In 2008, families of the victims brought a civil suit against five men they charge were instrumental in the attacks. The five included Michael McKevitt, who was convicted in a case brought by the state of directing terrorism; Liam Campbell, Colm Murphy, Seamus Daly, and Seamus McKenna.

An Analysis of the Effects of Framing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1064 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Lighting Due to the nature of colorless visual works, it can be said that the importance of lighting and shadows are amplified many times over in the case of Casablanca. Since the audience does not receive the luxury and sensation of numerous hues, an alternative is thus required on the part of the filmmakers. And with that, an analysis of filmic lighting comes into play. Immediately following the opening credits, the screen is engulfed by a planet Earth nearly as black as charcoal. Paired with the music in this initial image, the light or lack thereof helps to establish the mood of the entire film. It can be said that this portrayal foreshadows the coming chaos and solemnity of later scenes such as when Ilsa abruptly abandons Rick upon receiving news of her husband being alive, or in more general terms, the majority of the encounters between Ilsa and Rick as they do not even end up together at the very end. As for a specific analysis tied to the nature of black and white films, the scene in which Sam gives Ilsas letter to Rick is one that cannot easily be forgotten. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Analysis of the Effects of Framing" essay for you Create order With the rain that day, the ink on the paper was already smudged by the time Rick read the message. Despite the obvious indication that the writing and smudges were both in and of ink, the nature of colorless shots allows for the imaginations of the audience to take them away. The color of blood in a black and white film is so dark that it might as well be the color of tar or ink. Thus, smudges of blood on the paper could indicate the physical pain on both sides for the separation. Perhaps the best example of emotional appeal to an audience on the part of Casablanca is the singing of the patriotic French anthem Marseillaise as the mother of film critic J. Hoberman witnessed people standing up during that scene to sing along in a public theater. Thus, this sort of patriotic involvement on the part of this film really goes a long way in appeal to audiences. However, with specific ties to lighting, there is appreciation to include. During a later visit to Ricks bar, Ilsas husband, Victor Laszlo spontaneously gets the band to start playing a French anthem by the name of Marseillaise. What is interesting to note here though is not anything that Laszlo did, but how he was physically portrayed during the song. Although he wasnt in the center of the frame, he was nonetheless the first one the audience would notice because of the lighting shining on him. Moreover, this light was not anything like a single spotlight as it did not shine from above, but it lit up Laszlos entire figure and only his figure to make him stand out amongst the singing crowd as a major character. The theme of isolation pops up again in this context, but unlike most instances, this time it is with a positive connotation. As a dynamic character, Ilsa Petrovich is one for which the filmic technique of lighting plays a great role. Most of the shots were taken from her left side with a catch of the light, so that her eyes could look like they were shining. For example, following the instance where she first enters the bar, Ilsa practically begs Sam, the pianist and one of Ricks closest friends, to play a song she and Rick used to love:   As Time Goes By. As she pleads with him after he refuses the initial request, one can make out small but vividly apparent balls of light in her eyes. If one thinks about   shining eyes perhaps one may think of emotions such as excitement or sincerity, and there is nothing incorrect in that connection. However, for this specific instance and others similar to it throughout the film, Ilsas eyes could be seen as shining with tears just not actual tears. It is possible that the filmmakers intended to subtly incorporate this idea to exhibit the filmic theme of lost love. Ilsa lost a loved one through her action of leaving Rick behind in Paris. Despite her desire and eventual decision to reunite with her husband, or in other words her first love, she indeed loved Rick at one point in time, and there is pain associated with the loss of any loved one regardless of whether the love is that of the past or present. The gown that Ilsa wears in a shot within Ricks flashback can be noted in close comparison to the portrayal of her eyes: shiny with the correct use of lighting in the scene. Interestingly enough, since this is an instance found in a flashback from when Rick and Ilsa were still together, it could in no way directly result from the point where she deserted him, but it could be of no doubt an occasion of foreshadowing the feelings resulting from lost love the both of them were about to experience. In contrast to the light with which Ilsa was portrayed, spots of shade and darkness added in connections to several other characters, major and minor, were indicative of isolation, another theme inherent in Casablanca. The clearest example of this is perhaps the instance in which Rick sits down with a drink after closing hours, without the ability to stop thinking about his encounter with Ilsa after such a long time. Shortly after this shot, flashbacks follow suit. There is a hazy transition to and from the flashback that emphasizes the mindset with which Rick recalls his past with Ilsa: drunkenness paired with a sense of longing. More importantly, the flashback as a whole is the primary component in the overall plot that aids the audience in understanding the entire backstory of why Rick reacted the way he did at the sight of Ilsa in his bar. Moreover, the theme of betrayal is illustrated quite vividly in those memories initially of bliss but then of pain, unexpected and raw. The wide variety of different lighting equipment, shadows and shades used in the film were all of a classic nature in consideration of black and white films. Moreover, the way of applying the background surroundings as a frame of the various scenes made the film seem more professional, which leads the analysis to the next topic of discussion: framing.

Midsummer Night’s Dream The Power of Love - 1260 Words

Love is a powerful emotion, capable of turning reasonable people into fools. Out of love, ridiculous emotions arise, like jealousy and desperation. Love can shield us from the truth, narrowing a perspective to solely what the lover wants to see. Though beautiful and inspiring when requited, a love unreturned can be devastating and maddening. In his play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, William Shakespeare comically explores the flaws and suffering of lovers. Four young Athenians: Demetrius, Lysander, Hermia, and Helena, are confronted by love’s challenge, one that becomes increasingly difficult with the interference of the fairy world. Through specific word choice and word order, a struggle between lovers is revealed throughout†¦show more content†¦The list of actions she wants Demetrius to do to her is demeaning to her as a female. She wants the man she is in love with so much, that she is willing to settle for any kind of relationship, even if it is unhealthy or abusive. Also, the image of a spaniel belittles Helena as a person. By equating to herself to a dog, Helena is saying that she does not see herself as any better than a four-legged creature begging for scraps. The image gives all the power to the man, making him the â€Å"owner† of the female. Helena insists on this male dominance, a dominance against which other female roles, such as Hermia and Titania rebel. Furthering her irrationality, Helena changes the connotation of usually negative words, like mischief and wrongs, and through the illusion designed by her love, she positively associates the words with a man wooing a woman. The state of being in love, for Helena, not only makes her irrational and foolish, but it exaggerates her inferiority as a female, an inferiority already established by the culture of the society as well. Her actions enhance the stereotype and assumption that women are needy, dependent, and below men on the social scale. Seeing the love-struck Helena, some fairies in the woods try to resolve the conflict of unrequited love. Though their intentions are good, the fairies’ intervention causes chaos and more conflict amongst the four lovers. The duke ofShow MoreRelatedWeathering the Storms of True Love1159 Words   |  5 Pages Sitting on a porch swing with ones true love hugging and kissing as the moon smiles down upon them, seems like the perfect situation for true love. Unfortunately, nothing could be further from the truth. Shakespeare presents the truth about true love in his comical tragedy A Midsummer Nights Dream. Lysander clearly stated loves situation when he told Hermia the course of true love never did run smooth (Griffiths 94). In some ways Lysanders declaration becomes the plays structuralRead More William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream could have easily been a light-hearted, whimsical comedy. Complete with a magic forest and a kingdom of fairies, it is an iconic setting for amorous escapades and scenes of lovers. But Shakespeare’s writing is never so shallow; through this romantic comedy, Shakespeare postulates an extremely cynical view of love. A Midsummer Night’s Dream becomes a commentary on the mystery of love, and lovers in general emerge shamedRead MoreEssay on Human Nature in Hamlet and a Midsummer Nights Dream1314 Words   |  6 Pagespeople to love, then destroy, then love again that which they value the most.† –Unknown. Countless authors have tried to display love as human nature, but no author does this better than the famous playwright, William Shakespeare. 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In the first of the two plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Othello sets a stage consisting of two dimensions: a typical perception of late fifteenthRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream: by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in April 1564. He had married at the age of eighteen to a twenty-six year old woman named Anne Hathaway in 1582. He had a daughter named Susanna and twins, Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet, his only son, died at age eleven. Shakespeare died in April 1616. Despite the fact that Shakespeare wrote some thirty-seven plays, owned part of his theatrical company, acted in plays, and retired a relatively wealthy man in the cityRead MoreLiterary Love Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesLove - possibly the most powerful four-letter word known to man. A feeling and emotion so strong that it makes it nearly impossible to put its meaning into words. However, it is also one of the most explored subjects in the world of literature. Whether in a comedy or a tragedy, the theme of love is very often expressed. This theme can be expressed in many different ways, for example, positively causing everyone to live happily ever after in a fairytale type of world, negatively being t he causeRead More The Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare662 Words   |  3 PagesThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare    When love is in attendance it brings care, faith, affection and intimacy. This is proved true in the spectacular play A Midsummer Nights Dream written by William Shakespeare. This play displays the facts about lust, hatred, jealousy and their roles in something powerfully desirable. It is entitled love. Love is present everywhere, in every form, in every condition and even when one least expects it.       Read MoreAnalysis Of Midsummer Night s Dream 1251 Words   |  6 Pages Midsummer Night’s Dream is a perfect example of just how deceit can tear people apart. When trying to force a situation into something/ a situation you wish it to be you can end up putting yourself in quite the compromising position. It is a good story on the struggles of true love, parents wills, and fighting for what one believes in, with just a hint a magical alure to it and a slight pull of betrayal to make things even more interesting. In the end though, just as almost every other love storyRead MoreSimilarities Between Hamlet And A Midsummer Nights Dream1324 Words   |  6 Pagesand A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is the concept of a play within a play. This concept helps create suspension because both plays critically involve the topic death, but they also shed light unto Shakespeare as a poet because it plays with the idea of meta-theatre. Another similarity between the two plays is that they include a message regarding absurd love. â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† focuses on two doomed lovers in a comical way, whereas â€Å"The Mousetrap† in Hamlet doesn’t address the concept of love directlyRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream1094 Words   |  5 PagesJeana Jago Theater History J. Robideau October,1st 2015 A Midsummer Night’s Dream In a Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare story about romantic desire. Theseus and Hippolyta, are about to be married; both of them are wonderful figures from classical mythology. (Greek Mythology) Theseus is a great warrior, a kinsman of Hercules; Hippolyta is an Amazon warrior-woman, defeated in battle by Theseus. (Theseus and Hippolyta) He was longing for the wedding day, and this is what opens the play and closing

Reflective Practice - 1008 Words

REFLECTIVE PRACTICE Reflection has been defined as an active, persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge (Dewey, 1933. Dawn, 2007). Reflective practice is a process to improve quality of performance in the workplace, skills up to date throughout workplace and leads to understanding the field of care. Reflection requires self-awareness and analysis (Schutz et al, 2004). To reflect the incident, I have used Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle because it easy to follow, well structured and it allows reflection on feelings as well as actions (Pat, L., 2008). Besides that, it helps to recognize what we do well and how to interpret in the other situations. I’m working in surgical and transplant ward for five†¦show more content†¦2006). According to Sara J. et al (2007), mentor provides a positive career role model, professional growth opportunities, advice, career challenges, access to learning resources, encouragement and feedback on a mentee’s career progress. As a mentor, we should be well prepared. It shows mentors are capable of coaching, challenging and sophistication in their role (Wendy et al, 2007). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2006) defines a mentor as a registrant who has meet the outcomes of stage two and who facilitates learning, and supervises and assesses students in a practice setting (Wendy et al, 2007). Although the mentor gets relationship with student, they must maintain a professional practitioners and unbiased approach to all students. Mentors need skills to achieve an effective communication, interpersonal skills to facilitate, support and assess student in their practice (Wendy et a l, 2007). To be a mentor, I need to improve myself. I make a decision to take part in Diploma in Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences course. Through this course, I hope that I can develop my skills in many ways. According to Bennett (2003) and Ali PA, Panther W (2008), to be a good mentor-student relationship, we have to organize a meeting, orientation of the students to the clinical area, provide a good learning environment and offering appropriate support to the student. AllShow MoreRelatedReflective Practice in the Classroom1629 Words   |  7 PagesReflective practice – A tool for learning Introduction/Rationale When something goes wrong or something unexpected happens during a lesson or activity, we ask ourselves questions such as, could I have done something to avoid it? These experiences usually make us grow and we learn from experience, and we will be better prepared to face the situation if it happened again. This introspection is generally called â€Å"reflection†, and all professionals have adopted it in order to improve their practiceRead MoreThe Importance of Reflective Practice1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe importance of reflective practice. Reflective practice is the ability to constantly monitor one s own performance in a given role and make adjustments where necessary. For me reflective practice is particularly important because no two clients will ever be the same and it is vitally important to remain reactive and reflective at all times. Reflective practice has been demonstrated to have significant benefits when it comes to the delivery of client-centred care, and can help me to ensureRead More1. Introduction. Reflective Practice Is A Key Part Of Working1646 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Reflective practice is a key part of working as a health care professional, including speech and language therapists (SLT), and will be used throughout a practitioner’s career as part of their continuing professional development. It is the practice of experiencing situations and then reflecting on them, which is how clinicians may enhance their knowledge and skills and, thus, maintain their competence throughout their career as a practicing therapist (RCSLT, 2003). It is through thisRead MoreDttls Unit 2.1 Continuing Personal and Professional Development2774 Words   |  12 Pagesadult to adult. Berne E (1964) The four reflective models I have chosen to Review are: †¢ Kolb †¢ Gibbs †¢ Johns †¢ Rolfe et al The first thing I am going to do is to break down the three reflective models and explain how they work. I will then compare them and discus the reflective model that I use in my teaching. I am going to compare the three learning cycles as if I am reflecting on my own lessons and practices. Kolb’s Reflective Cycle Kolb has developed a theory of experimentalRead MoreReflection1542 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment is to discuss the contribution of reflective practice for clinical nursing. Reflection has been defined as a way for individuals to â€Å"capture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate† (Boud et al 1985: 19) Argyris and Schon (1974) suggest that practitioners often practice at less than effective levels because they follow routine. Johns (1995) implies that action can be taken through reflection to increase effectiveness in practice as reflection provides opportunities forRead MoreReflective Models Used by Nurses Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Practice Introduction: Reflection its self is looking into personal thoughts and actions. For nurses this would mean looking at how they performed a particular task taking into consideration their interaction with their colleagues and other members of staff, patients and in some cases relatives This then enables the nurse to assess their actions and thought processes. There are various frameworks of reflection that one could choose and the examples used for this workRead MorePromote Professional Development Essays2745 Words   |  11 PagesPromote professional development CU2942 1. Explain the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice Within my role, it is important to continually improve knowledge and practice so I am aware of how to give the best diverse and equal care to children, stay fully up to date with all standards and legislations. Regarding parents, they are the customer and this entails all care towards their child may need to be explained to them. E.g. what is the Early Years Foundation StageRead More Reflection Upon A Critical Incident Essay2677 Words   |  11 Pagesplacement. Reflective practice has become very popular over the last few decades throughout a variety of professions. In some professions it has become one of the defining features of competence. The wide spread utilization of reflective practice is due to the fact that it ‘rings true’ (Loughran, 2000). Within different disciplines, what is understood by reflective practice varies considerably (Fook et al, 2006). Despite this, some agreement has been achieved. In general, reflective practice is understoodRead MoreReflection Of The Gibbs Reflective Cycle945 Words   |  4 Pages (Gibbs G, 1988) The introduction of the Gibbs reflective cycle helped the nurses to have a systematic thinking about the different activity phases (Huston, 2014). These logical elements of the procedure are describing the problem, feelings identification, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and an action plan. Every stage is essential in carrying out the reflective processes for nurses. Nurses come across many situations that affect their emotions, ethical dilemmas, conflicts from the patient’s familyRead MoreReflective Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice Reid (1994) Gibbs Reflective Cycle What happened? (description) What would you do if it happened again? (action plan) What were you thinking/feeling? (feeling) What alternatives did you have? (conclusion) How can you make sense of what happened? (analysis) What was good/bad about the experience? (evaluation) Reflectivity The circular process by which our thoughts affect our actions, which affect the situation we are dealing with and therefore after feedback through the reactions

Consumer Electronics Industry Analysis free essay sample

1. Executive Summary This paper explores the Consumer Electronics industry’s Flat Panel Display (FDP) Television category with use of macro-analytical models such as the PEST and Five Forces, as well as fundamental frameworks for strategic analysis such as SWOT and Value Chain. The general findings of the study, while focusing on the overall industry-category’s present and strategic state and concerns, shall specifically highlight items pertaining to technology marketing and commercialization. Subsequently, recommendations and critical success factors are provided. 2. Table of Contents 3. Purpose of the StudyThis paper intends to look into the Consumer Electronics industry’s Flat Panel Display (FDP) Television, evaluate and analyze its current capabilities and limitations; and identify the core immediate and long-term concerns. Moreover, a set of tactical and strategic recommendations shall be provided at the end of the study, with technology marketing and commerci alization as focal areas of consideration. 4. Scope and Delimitation For the purpose of more depth than breadth in analysis, the group delimits the scope of focus on the Flat Panel Display (FDP) Television segment of the Consumer Electronics industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Electronics Industry Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Methodologies This paper utilizes the following frameworks: 5. 1. PEST Analysis – This shall look into the industry’s macro – political, social, economic and technology – fundamentals; also, 5. 2. Porter’s Value Chain – This shall determine the collective key supply and demand areas of the industry, and as to how they currently perform; 5. 3. Porter’s Five Forces – Which shall look into several threats to (external), and within (internal) the industry; and, 5. 4. SWOT Analysis – The analysis from the above frameworks shall then be summarized into a set of industry strengths and weaknesses.Areas of opportunities that the industry can take advantage of moving forward; as well as threats that it can neutralize shall also be identified. 6. Industry Briefer – Structure and Key Components 7. Analyses 8. 2. PEST Analysis 8. 3. Value Chain Analysis 8. 4. Five Forces Analysis 8. Summary of Strengths and Weaknesses 9. Industry Opportunities and Threats 10. Identified Issues and Concerns 11. 5. Immediate 11. 6. Strategic 11. 7. Technology 11. Recommendations 12. 8. Short-Term 12. 9. Long-Term 12. 10. Technology 12. Critical Success Factors REFERENCES

Nomads in Rajasthan

Question: Are nomads marginalized citizens in Rajasthan, India? Answer: Introduction Nomads are a group of communities travelling from one place to other place for their livelihood and existence. Nomadic tribes are always highlighted as the source of suspicion to ssedentary people. The total number of nomad population in India is 80 million people, contributing about 7 % of Indias population. In Rajasthan, there are near about two dozen nomad communities, which mainly include Gadiya Luhar, Bhopa, Bawariya and Banjara. Most of these communities have inherited their present professional life rather than earning it. For instance, Banjaras are nomad traders of Rajasthan dealing with salt and multani mitti, whereas the tribe Gadiya Luhar of Rajasthan is engaged in repairing tools and utensils (Dyer, 2012). On the other hand, a community like Bawariya spends their life by only hunting wild animals. Probably the most interesting occupation is possessed by the Nat tribe of this particular territory as they perform acrobatics in village fair. The community of Bhopa on the oth er side is known as worshipers of Pabuji as they are believed to have sacred rites. A number of policies have been developed for these migrants wellbeing as seemingly their professional aspects have relatively less prospects. Nomadic Communities and Ctizenship Questions in Rajasthan or The Citizenship Status of Nomads Nomads are un-rooted communities, who move from one place to other, seeking their livelihood. Due to changing socio-economic face of society, nomads lifestyle has become under strain progressively. It is unfortunate that instead of Rajasthan governments initiatives for settling them down, the Banjaras did not settle down and moved away by selling their plots. The vulnerable citizenship of the Nomads of Rajasthan has been exacerbated by the Rajasthan governments failure in providing proper infrastructure and land holding facilities for protecting their individual tenure. Moreover, their lack of having convenient legal status is supposed to be the potential cause behind their inadequate accessibilities to some of the basic amenities like land, road and water. It is unfortunate to denote that similarly like other suffering tribal communities of India, nomads of Rajasthan are still being deprived by not having legal recognition as indigenous or aboriginal tribes. It is the responsibility of developing societies to establish the citizenship rights of deprived citizenry (Xavier, 2012). Lack of recognition of their rights and identities by Rajasthans officials and agencies enhanced their feeling of exclusion. It has been highlighted that their perceived lack of loyalty towards the state or nation, where they reside is the reason for undermining their request for citizenship. It is unfortunate that Rajasthan state governments ministry of social and tribal welfare could not have accomplished their nodal responsibility of advancing the educational, economic and socio-cultural growth of the nomads. Their excessive mobility has been delegitimized their right of getting citizenship by political powers. Nomads are considered as illegitimate outsiders in the nation and their cross-border movement is classified as destructive force to be controlled or restricted (Grenet, 2012). Identity Crisis: Reflected in Ration Cards, Voter Cards and Birth Certificates As a result of their excessive mobility the entire population of Indian nomads is facing identity crisis. The main reason behind the identity crisis among the nomads of Rajasthan is most of the time the state government shows reluctance to provide accurate access to several rights as the parliament possesses misconception and misjudgments about them (Bhukya, 2012). It has been identified by numerous researches that government along with the common society of Rajasthan neglects the nomads as per their pattern of living does not match with the ideal pattern of the normal inhabitants. Most unfortunately, the nomads are insulted on a national level by not having legal identities for being regarded as untouchables several times. It is to contemplate in this regard that the misjudgment of the Rajasthan government has given birth to huge identical crisis in the lives of the nomads in terms of having legal certificates like ration, voter cards or even birth certificates. It is unfortunate th at whenever they seek or apply for a voter card they have to face some basic questions such as what is the purpose for having a voter ID, when they are even not in government files. Apart from their key issue of social discrimination, arbitrary arrests, detentions, human right violations, amenities; Rajasthan nomads status can be visualized by their no ration or voter card or any other documentation to prove their identity, as a result they are not registered or qualified for any developmental programs pursued by government. To improve their status, Rajasthan government needs collective action against exclusion for accessing available resources for their welfare. Education and Poverty in Nomads A survey conducted by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) revealed that 75 % tribal children in 22 districts of Rajasthan lagging behind other states in terms of education. In case of tribal girls, they are not enrolling to schools, thereby lowering the education level in the population. The data found 75% drop out of boys in 4th or 5th standard (homegrown.co.in, 2016). Key reasons behind poor educational standard was lack of awareness about the need for education and the traditional pattern of sending children in their traditional work. Singh (2012) revealed that in case of official education, nomads are complete failure. However, to thrive over a dry land, nomads are performing and experiencing their traditional education. Education programs oppose nomadic tradition and culture. It has been revealed that education programs are affecting the specific goals and needs of the tribe, affecting their principles, approach of solving a problem and evaluation paradigms. Povert y is a notable reason behind poor quality education in the Indian nomads. Nomads are residing in poverty and struggle for meeting their daily basic needs including shelter, food and clothes. These are homeless population, thus, they have to reside where they travels for livelihood. The lack of proper placement is another reason for their poverty. They also do not have basic civic amenities regarding safe drinking water, electricity and water. In case of nomads in Rajasthan, lack of supply of water is a major factor affecting their livelihood. On the other hand, food includes a huge part if their meager income (Soharwardi, Ali Nasir, 2012). Nomadic women are homemakers and do not seek for jobs, which bear double burden of poverty and deprivation. Experiencing economic ad survival compulsions, they started to camp near or within village. Very Low Public and Political Profile As per the reports made by the National convention, nomads of Rajasthan possess unimpressive public and political profile due to having lack of support from the Rajasthan government. It is true as per the fact that nomads of this particular state are still running with extreme illiteracy, superstition, child marriage, migratory lifestyle, drug abuse and scarcity of civic amenities. More specifically, one nomad tribe in Rajasthan, the Bawariyas were known as criminals, due to their core job, wild animal hunting and their past history (Singh Singh, 2016). After passing the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, their key resource of livelihood became punishable by law. They have been criminalized from their birth. However, due to the nomads different pattern of lifestyle as misjudged by the Rajasthan government, the tribal communities of Rajasthan do not get their identity proof like ration or voter card. All of the above factors are indicating their low public and political profile. On the ot her side, tribal communities like Bhopa, Nat are facing crucial juncture as their ground of occupation is being limited with each passing day. Visibly, the state government of Rajasthan holds lack of policies for performance of acrobats, which is forcing these tribes to get adapted in the urban lifestyle. Government Policies for Nomads Settlements Government and non-government organizations are undertaking policy initiatives for settlement of nomads. However, legal aid, which is pivotal for marginalized communities, is not accessible to nomad population. The Muktidhara Sansthan (MDS) is helping the population by providing direct legal services, by reducing their inaccessibility like accessing bail funds, protecting them from illegal custody cases, human right violation and harassment cases by writ petition. Rajasthan government has noted that there are 602 hostels in the state for supporting senior secondary students, within which 30 hostels are exclusively for the nomadic and denotified students (Sikdar, 2012). In addition, state government provides pre-matric and post-matric scholarship for students. A special integrated scheme for house-cum-shop is being implemented, which can support the poor nomad population to purchase raw material for manufacturing equipments and agricultural needs. Dilemma Between Continuing with Nomadism and Being Educated As described earlier, there is a contradiction between education and continuing with Nomadian existing traditions. Nomads are facing significant dilemma regarding education It has been revealed that the leaders in these nomad groups admire the need for social education in both males and females, but it has been observed that a huge number of drop outs are there in the community, whereas no enrollment for girls at all. In this community, children experiencing school level education would seek employment out of their community and no longer engaged with their traditional job, animal husbandry an treat it as their only livelihood option, as this job include loneliness and do not need literacy (Mehra, Bali Arora, 2012). It has also been observed that tribal girls no longer agree to marry the boy she was engaged to, as they desire higher career. Scholarly Valuation From the above analysis, it has been identified that the nomad population in Rajasthan, India is at the edge of marginalization. More vigorous strategies needed for their settlement, while respecting their culture and source of livelihood. The study shows that each of the nomad communities holds specific qualities, which are largely being neglected by the authoritative bodies of the state. Hence, it could be underpinned that Rajasthans government requires prioritizing on mitigating the issue of illiteracy and child marriage related to most of the nomad tradition. At the same time, the government needs to promote the age-old, authentic occupational traditions related to these groups. Reference List Bhukya, B. (2012). Colonialism and its Nomads in South India. Dyer, C. (2012). 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